Der Meister und Margarita

Libretto by the composer based on the novel by Mikhail Bulgakov (G)

Major roles: lyrdramS,M,T,dramBar,Bar,B,mime(female);
minor roles: 2M,lyrT,2T,4B;
small roles: M,T,2Bar,3B,speakers; ballet;
3(I,II,III=picc;II=afl).3(III=corA).3(II=Ebcl;III=bcl).asax.3(III=dbn)-4.4.3.1-perc(6-7):8timp/4tgl/crot/glsp/xylorimba(or marimba&xyl)/vib/t.bells/hi-hat/8cym/9gong/3tam-t/tamb/4bongo/6tom-t/2conga/2SD/TD/BD/3cowbell/2bells(lg)/3wdbl/ tpl.bl/2slit dr/sleigh bells/maracas/cast/claves/guiro/ratchet/whip/flexatone/wooden hammer(lg)-harp-Spanish gtr(=elec.gtr)-cel-pft-2synth(Yamaha DX7,EMS Synthi AKS)-4-channel tape-strings(14.12.10.8.6); stage musicians(can be taken from orchestra): Act I: ssax-jazztpt-pft-db-jazzperc; Act II: amplified vln-elec.gtr-elec.bgtr-elec.pft-perc(2):2conga

Incredible things happen in the Moscow of the thirties: Berlioz, editor of an art journal and Besdomny, a young poet, discuss the question of whether Jesus Christ truly lived or not. A foreigner interrupts their conversation and mentions in passing that he was present when Pontius Pilate interrogated Christ, and thereby His existence is proved. The stranger introduces himself as Voland, a professor of black magic, hinting that he has precise knowledge not only of the past, but also of the future: he predicts that Berlioz’s head will be parted from his body on the same day. And his prophecy comes true… It is the Devil himself, "the force, which always wants the bad and always creates the good" (Goethe’s Faust), who initiates a series of fantastic events: when the publication of his undesirable novel about Christ and Pontius Pilate is received with ignorant criticism and censorship, the Master is thrown into deep isolation and despair and finally into a lunatic asylum, but the building of the writers’ union is consumed by flames. In a vaudeville presentation, respected public figures are unmasked as scoundrels in a grotesque play. Margarita, the Master’s beloved, acquires the ability to fly through the air, and takes part in the "Grand Ball of Satanas" (ballet). After a long separation, she is reunited with the Master. Finally, accompanied by the Black Magician and his assistants, the big bold tom cat Behemoth and the sorceror Asasello, the Master and Margarita escape into orbit, because they could not find a place to be happy in this world.

"When in 1967 the novel Master i Margarita (1928–40), opus ultimum of the Russian dramatist and narrative writer Michail Bulgakov (1891–1940), was released for publication, the event attracted worldwide attention. The author had been ostracized by official literary critics since the late twenties and his works were banned from publication and performance in the Soviet Union. The Master and Margarita, however, is a religious and philosophical novel rather than a political one; indeed, it is a modern version of the Faust legend. Three strands are intertwined: Pilate’s interrogation of Jesus, the grotesque conditions of life in Moscow during the thirties and the tragic story of the life of the ‘Master’, a writer full of doubts about himself, and of his lover, Margarita, who believes in him...

... Cologne-based composer York Höller took up the Herculean task of cutting the intricate plot of the novel down to an opera libretto in the years from 1984–89. It is a libretto which exploits every nuance of human singing and sprechgesang to allow the novel’s numerous characters to express and define themselves, drawing on the technique developed by Alban Berg in Wozzeck. Höller uses a dramatic stage music to underpin, surround, emphasise or counteract the singing and declaming parts. It is a music which is always pushing forward, full of images, and one which, in a manner as moderate as it is brilliant, employs the full range of orchestral sound to hold everything in suspense: the Master suffering over his Christ novel, the devil’s interference and the lies it uncovers, the clarifying imbroglios arranged by him and the surreal incidents in the House of Artists, in the evil apartment, in the psychiatric clinic, at Satan’s ball, on Golgotha and on the Sparrow Hills. Each scene is given an individual couleur locale – an impressive creative act which received its world première at the Opéra de Paris in 1989 and its first German performance at the Cologne opera in 1991.
(Lutz Lesle, NZfM, 2/2001)

"The version that has attracted most attention is that by the German York Höller, which was premièred at the Palais Garnier in Paris in 1989. It has only now appeared on disc; this recording is taken from the German première in Cologne in 1991, and reinforces the impression that the first performance made 11 years ago: that this is a powerful and hugely imaginative work, richly scored and carefully plotted...

Naturally Höller preserves all the great spectacles, and they provide the points of articulation in his dramatic scheme – Voland’s magical tour de force ends the first act and Margarita’s aerial journey opens the second, which climaxes with the Satanic ball and ends with the lovers’ flight into eternity. Those moments also generate the finest music, in which Höller’s mastery of electronics comes to the fore... In Der Meister und Margarita the textures he creates are beguiling – suitably ethereal for the two journeys, and an astonishing, time-travelling collage of musics from the Renaissance to the 1960s for the ball, which climaxes with the Rolling Stones – singing Sympathy for the Devil, of course...

Höller has devised his own compositional system that enables him to integrate electronic and instrumental elements. Vocally and orchestrally, though, the musical language recalls Lulu more than anything else, and Berg’s opera seems to have been one of his major influences. It is certainly very singable, and the Cologne cast, led by Richard Salter as the Master and Marilyn Schmiege as Margarita, with Franz Mazura as a baleful Voland, clearly mastered it superbly. Lothar Zagrosek steers a lucid course through the score, and though the sound can’t avoid some of the stage noise, it manages the balance between live instruments and electronics very faithfully. It’s a fascinating and important opera, based on a wonderful book."
(Andrew Clements, The Guardian, 22 Dec 2000)

Comic, Dramatic, Poetic